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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 1001
LANGUAGE: North Mbundu
LOCATION: Angola
POPULATION: 1.7 million
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Mbundu
DICTIONARY: Alves, Albino. 1951. Dicionário Etimológico Bundo-Português. Lisbon: Tipografia Silvas.
GRAMMAR: Chatelain, Heli. 1888-89. Grammatica Elementar do Kimbundu. Geneva. [Reprinted 1964 by Gregg Press, Ridgewood, NJ.
TEXTBOOKS: DT: Maia, António da Silva. 1964. Lições de Gramática de Quimbundo. Cucujães, Angola.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
mb nd ŋɡ
f s š h
v nz ñž
m n
    l
    r

STOPS: p mb t nd k ŋɡ
FRICATIVES: f v s nz š ñž h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d ɡ z ž
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɔ
STRESS: penult
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 10
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1002
LANGUAGE: Sama
POPULATION: 9,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Mbundu
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1003
LANGUAGE: Bolo
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Mbundu
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1004
LANGUAGE: Songo
POPULATION: 15,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Mbundu
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1005
LANGUAGE: Yaka2
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1006
LANGUAGE: Yaka2
LOCATION: Cameroon
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1007
LANGUAGE: Yaka2
LOCATION: Democratic Republic of Congo
POPULATION: 37,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
GRAMMAR: van den Eynde, Karel. 1968. Éléments de grammaire yaka. Kinshasa: Univ Lovanium.
CONSONANTS:

   p ph t̪ t̪h k kh
b mb nd̪ ɡ ŋɡ
pf t̪s
mbv nd̪z
f s̪ h
v z̪
m n̪
    l̪
    (r)

STOPS: p ph b mb t̪ t̪h nd̪ k kh ɡ ŋɡ
AFFRICATES: pf mbv t̪s nd̪z
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ h
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l̪
VIBRANTS: (r)
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d̪ ɡ bv dz
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
TONES: hi lo fall
SYNTAX: SVO NA
NUMBER: 1008
LANGUAGE: Yaka2
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1009
LANGUAGE: Suku
POPULATION: 74,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1010
LANGUAGE: Hungu
POPULATION: 66,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1011
LANGUAGE: Mbangala
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1012
LANGUAGE: Sinji
ALTERNATEN: Shingi
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1013
LANGUAGE: Hungana
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Hungana
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1014
LANGUAGE: Nyoro
DIALECT: Nyankole, Runyankore, Gungu
LOCATION: Uganda
POPULATION: 810,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
DICTIONARY: Taylor, C. 1959. A Simplified Runyankore-Rukiga-English and English-Runyankore-Rukiga Dictionary. Kampala: The Eagle Press.
TEXTBOOKS: Morris, H. F. and B. E. R. Kirwan. 1957. A Runyankore Grammar. Kampala: The Eagle Press.
CONSONANTS:

   (p) t̪ k ɡ
mb nd
    ts č
f s š h
β v nz ž
m n ñ
    r

STOPS: (p) mb t̪ nd k ɡ
AFFRICATES: ts č
FRICATIVES: β f v s nz š ž h
NASALS: m n ñ
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO:

   Nc p b t̪ d k ɡ ts č f v s z š ž
cj
cʷ

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ
LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō
DIPHTHONGS: ai ei oi
SYLLABLE: (C)V Nˈ
TONES: hi lo
NOUNCLASSE: 13
DEMONSTRAT: 4: this near at hand-position known/that far away-position known/that some distance away-position unknown (=ref)/that neither present nor previously mentioned
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+D+A+Num
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1015
LANGUAGE: Luganda
ALTERNATEN: Ganda
LOCATION: Uganda
POPULATION: 1.6 million
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
DICTIONARY:

   Snoxall, R. A., ed. 1967. Luganda-English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Murphy, John D. 1972. Luganda-English Dictionary. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic Univ of America Press.

TEXTBOOKS:

   Ashton, E. O., et al. 1954. A Luganda Grammar. London: Longmans.
Chesswas, J. D. 1963. The Essentials of Luganda. London: Oxford Univ Press.
Kamoga, Frederick K. and Earl W. Stevick. 1968. Luganda Basic Course. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Service Institute.

OTHERSOURC:

   Tucker, A. N. 1962. "The Syllable in Luganda: A Prosodic Approach," JAL 1, 122-66.
Cole, Desmond T. 1967. Some Features of Ganda Linguistic Structure. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand Univ Press.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s
v z
m n n ̃ ŋ
    l
    (r)

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: (r)
MODIFIEDCO:

   c̄ all but l j w
Nc p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ f v s z
cj p b t d k ɡ m n l (r)
cʷ p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ s z m n ñ ŋ l (r)

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ
TONES: hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall downdrift downstep
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE:

   12

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/(DN) N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1016
LANGUAGE: Soga
POPULATION: 745,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1017
LANGUAGE: Gwere
POPULATION: 162,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1018
LANGUAGE: Nyala
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1019
LANGUAGE: Karagwe
ALTERNATEN: Nyambo
LOCATION: Tanzania
POPULATION: 4,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Haya-Kwaya
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1020
LANGUAGE: Haya
LOCATION: Tanzania
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Haya-Kwaya
OTHERSOURC: WALS
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO
typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-textbooks,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,
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